Backpropagation Through a Dense Layer

Demo note. This note demonstrates what the SciDraft Hugo theme can do for academic and scientific publishing — for research institutions, researchers and students. Its content is demonstration material only: readers should ignore whether the demo content is correct. Backpropagation computes, for one layer, three gradients: one for each parameter of the layer and one to hand to the layer before it. The third is what makes deep networks trainable — without it, error could not travel past the last layer. The procedure below is the backward pass of a single dense layer. ...

September 21, 2026 · 2 min · yourname

A Transformer Training Step (flowchart)

Demo note. This note demonstrates what the SciDraft Hugo theme can do for academic and scientific publishing — for research institutions, researchers and students. Its content is demonstration material only: readers should ignore whether the demo content is correct. One training step is a fixed cycle: the model predicts, the predictions are scored against the targets, the error is propagated backwards, and the parameters move a little in the direction that reduces it. The diagram below shows that cycle; the repetition is the whole of training. ...

September 21, 2026 · 2 min · yourname